A disease of the nervous system caused by a virus, which leads to degeneration of the Central Nervous System and proves fatal.

Members of the same species that can be differentiated by unique characteristics into various groups.

Pertaining to a radius.

Electromagnetic energy that travels at the speed of light.

See carbon dating.

A bone found in the forelimb of vertebrates.

The precipitation of freshwater from the atmosphere.

A type of biome found in the tropical latitudes classed as a rainforest if rainfall exceeds 2.5 metres a year.

The choice of mates coming down to chance.

A type of cell or organ that is capable of detecting the presence of a particular stimulus, which in turn, will bring about a response in the organism due to the presence / absence / change in concentration of the stimulus.

A location in the cell where molecules of a certain nature, such as hormones can take effect on the cell to alter its biochemical processes.

A recessive allele results in expression of the recessive characteristic if there is no dominant allele present.

A character of an organism that is illustrated by a recessive allele.

The joining together of genetic material from two different organisms.

Occurring during meiosis, recombination is the re-arrangement of genes that results in a new combination of chromosomes that is capable of creating a unique gamete.

The terminal part of the large intestine which opens to the anus.

A muscle that is situated behind the eyeball that executes the movement of it.

The ability of an electron to acts as a reducing or oxidising agent via its positive or negative charge.

A reaction involving either oxidation or reduction.

Substances capable of adding electrons to another substance, possibly doing this by adding hydrogen to it.

The change in the atomic composition of an atom / molecule by adding hydrogen, losing oxygen, or gaining electrons.

A reaction where both oxidation and reduction occurs.

A type of nuclear division where daughter cells contain half the chromosome compliment of that of the parent cell, as in meiosis.

The period of time where an axon of a neurone is inable to transmit further nerve signals immediately after doing so, occurring for about 3 milliseconds. It is possible for another signal to be passed through providing the signal is very strong and superc.

The monitoring of a particular situation or reaction.

The gene responsible for producing the repressor molecule in the enzyme induction process. See Operon model for more information.

The comparison of growth between two structures as a percentage.

A factor that promotes the secretion of hormones, as opposed to an inhibiting factor.

The synthesis of an exact copy of a structure from a template of the same structure.

A type of state a gene can exist in when repressed by a repressor molecule rendering the gene inactive.

The process resulting in the production of ATP, more so the case in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration).

The process of gaseous exchange in an organism between its internal and external environment.

Any gas that has an active role in the respiratory process.

The material required for respiration to occur, which in the case of humans is glucose.

The respiratory system is the combined force of many organs operating together to deal with gaseous change between our body and the external environment.

The intake of oxygen is essential for processes like respiration.

An instrument that can measure the uptake of oxygen by an animal in respiration.

The interior lining of the vertebrate eye that contains photoreceptors cells (sensitive to light) in the form of 'rods' and 'cones' that can distinguish the various colours in light.

The reverse of a mutation back to its wild form.

A type of storage organ in plants which situates itself in a horizontal fashion underground.

The area immediately surrounding plant roots that is responsible for creating the conditions of this micro-habitat when taking into account the properties and actions of the plant.

A recurring phenomenon.

Ribs are bones that protect the major organs of vertebrates, and form a cage which itself is connected to the vertebral column and the sternum. The ribs are also attached to the intercostal muscles which are associated with breathing.

Otherwise known as vitamin B2, this vitamin is essential for the metabolic processes of all animals.

An enzyme that catalyses the depolymerization of RNA.

See RNA.

A nucleoside found in mRNA where the sugar is ribose.

A nucleotide found in mRNA where the sugar is ribose.

Small particles that are found in all cells both freely in the cytoplasm and more commonly found on endoplasmic reticulum.

The ribosome particle consists of protein and ribosomal RNA, where the RNA is translated from the mRNA transcribed from nucleus DNA.

This effectively is the point of creation of a protein, where each nucleotide in the polynucleotide is translated into part of the nucleotide sequence for the completed protein.

A 5 carbon ketose sugar found in the Calvin Cycle.

A nucleic acid similar to that of DNA, thought the deoxyribose acid is replaced with ribose sugar and all thymine bases are replaced with uracil. RNA is a ital component of protein synthesis as it is able to read the genetic blueprint found in DNA to make.

An enzyme that contributes to the formation of RNA from DNA templates.

The light sensitive cells of the vertebrate eye that specifically detect photons of light but cannot differentiate the wavelength of these (colours) well.

The part of a plant that is found below ground level, responsible for the uptake of water and minerals from the surrounding soil. There are three main types of root, namely primary, secondary and adventitious, where the primary root forms the main backbon.

Produced by the apical meristem (area capable of cell division in plants), the root cap is found in almost all plants at the apex of the root. It consists of parenchyma cells that perform a protective function and a hard surface to 'push' the soil aside w.

Hair like structures found on the epidermis cells of the root that allow a much larger surface area for water to be absorbed and used by the plant.

A factor that contributes to the transpiration stream in plants, where the movement of water via osmosis to the areas of less water (i.e. further up the plant) causes the water to be 'pushed' up the plant.

The network of underground roots and other plant structures found below ground level.

See Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

Indigestible materials that are part of a healthy diet to promote the action within the intestines to prevent constipation. This is the case because the roughage is recognised by the body as indigestible, and therefore will always want to remove it, and c.

Pertaining to the early stages of development.

An area of the oesophagus in ruminant organisms where the 'cud' is stored to be regurgitated later and broken down. The rumen hosts a large volume of bacteria which can break down the cellulose of the cell walls in the digested material.

A stomach found in ruminant organisms such as cows, that consists of four unique chambers, each of which is a critical organ in breaking down certain components of digested material in the ruminant.

The chewing of partially digested food, common in ruminant organisms.

A form of long stem that lies adjacently to the ground which enables rapid vegetative propogation, i.e. the production of offspring.